November 20th, 2012 | By Mallory Smith | Posted in Environment & Energy, Science & Technology, Society & Culture, Space | Comments Off

Our Search for Extraterrestrial Life

With Mars hosting the Curiosity Rover for the past three months, there’s been a lot of public excitement around space exploration. One of many goals of space exploration is  to find life on another planet. There are groups like SETI that are focusing their attention and research on extraterrestrial life, “The mission of the SETI Institute is to explore, understand and explain the origin, nature and prevalence of life in the universe.” SETI’s been around since 1984, so the search for extraterrestrial life is not a new concept. Some may say that the purpose of finding life on another planet is to keep our options open for a new home when Earth is no longer habitable. Others, like SETI, hope to learn about the nature of life itself throughout the universe. Either way, the search is on. So, how’s that going for us?

SpaceX and NASA are taking steps towards putting humans on Mars. One of the problems that idea poses is that our astronauts will contaminate any potential life that could be on that foreign planet. Humans have evolved among 100 trillion microbes that could very well latch on to Martian organisms upon arrival to the planet- posing unknown risks to the planet and the organisms on it. There is a lot to consider in terms of safety not only for the sake of our astronauts, but also on behalf of the foreign planet and its environment and/or organisms.

Due to the large number of considerations space exploration forces us to ponder, space startups are struggling to provide VCs with enough comfort to overlook the numerous risks that space exploration poses to spacepreneurs. Private space ventures are the most active ones. Amazon’s Jeff Bezos, Microsoft’s Paul Allen and PayPal’s Elon Musk have all spent millions in developing and enhancing space travel technology. Elon Musk is having the most luck lately, with SpaceX’s contract with NASA for 12 expensive trips to the ISS. NASA’s Curiosity Rover is also doing well, collecting enlightening samples that are (as far as I can tell) very transparently reported to the public. One of the main goals of the rover is to find some sign that life on Mars is or was possible.

How are we going about this search for extraterrestrial life anyway? How do we know what we’re looking for? Well, we’ve been searching, primarily, for a certain kind of living organism on other planets: carbon-based organisms, and those comprised of water. “The presence of water, organics, and energy represent three concurrent indicators in the search for signs of life as we presently understand,” says NASA’s 2012 Exploration Goals and Destinations Report. The report goes on to say, “The detection of water in a wide variety of solar system locations, including the Martian surface, the moons of the giant planets, Earth’s Moon, asteroids, and comets — has broadened our search for indications of life. The diversity of these locations and the known complexity of biotic and pre-biotic chemistry means that advanced instrumentation is required, and that direct examination of samples, either returned to Earth or in situ by robots and humans, is needed to produce definitive results.”

We’re spending a lot of time and energy on searching for signs of life “as we presently understand,” but can other elements be the building blocks of life for extraterrestrial creatures? Yes. It’s possible. In fact, we already know that several small life forms use arsenic to generate energy and facilitate growth. Chlorine could facilitate life, and sulfur has already proved to be a hospitable environment for some bacteria. Stephen Hawking notes that carbon seems more favorable because of its chemistry, but it’s not the only solution, “One possibility is that the formation of something like DNA, which could reproduce itself, is extremely unlikely. However, in a universe with a very large, or infinite, number of stars, one would expect it to occur in a few stellar systems, but they would be very widely separated.”

This means it would probably be beneficial to spend more time searching farther away from Earth for these commonly understood life-creating elements, if they are indeed very widely separated throughout the universe. However, the most common agreement among bioscientists focusing on carbon-based organisms seems to be that Earth is in a uniquely “sweet” spot in the universe and thus, it is more beneficial to search around our general planetary location. In any case, whatever the reason, whatever the method, the search is on for extraterrestrial life. It’s exciting, but there are several consequences to consider before we start swapping organisms with other planets, which is probably ultimately going to be a choice we will have to face in the future.

In fact, just to cover all of our bases, we should prepare ourselves for a day when we find out there is life on other planets and they are intelligent. What do we do then? Study it? Will we need to convince it to let us study it? What if it wants to come live on our planet?

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November 20th, 2012 | By Glen Hiemstra | Posted in Cities Book | Comments Off

Millennial City: How a new generation can save the future, Ch.8-1

This book, Millennial City is being released first as a serial blog. The book is a collaboration with Dennis Walsh and this blog is Part 1 of Chapter 8. We will publish Millennial City as an e-book when the serialization is completed. The book grew out of conversations that Dennis and I have had about the future of cities, sustainability, and the millennial generation. We think that these three domains, if you will, are coming together to create a new future – and just in time we hope.

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CHAPTER Eight – Part 1
by Dennis Walsh and Glen Hiemstra

It’s been a steep climb but we’re nearly there. It’s time to step into the future if you’re up for it. For some, that challenge will be great; for others, nearly impossible. They seriously don’t like change. The status quo feels safer to them. It’s much easier to imagine that what they don’t know doesn’t really matter.

It’s fun to imagine what’s next. Practically speaking, the sunscreen pill will hit the market to protect the skin and eyes from UV rays. Personal 3D printing will become a common practice in households and schools. One Terabyte SD Memory Cards will also become commonplace. Light Peak technology, a method of super-high-data-transfer, will enable more than whole terabytes per second–within everyday consumer electronics. In the not too distant future, the digital device that we carry or wear will rival the power of the human brain, amplifying greatly what we can accomplish.

It might be a stretch to imagine doctors being able to biopsy a tumor, sequence the DNA, and use that information to make a prognosis and prescribe treatment for less than the cost of an x-ray. Around about that time, portable laser pens will seal wounds. Insect-sized robot spies will become a reality. Taking a longer look down the road, paralyzed people will walk through neuro prostheses – mechanical limbs that respond to human thought.

The world’s first zero-carbon, sustainable city in the form of Masdar City will be completed just outside Abu Dhabi. That same year crash-proof cars will be made possible by using radar, sonar, car-tocar and car-to-road communication, and driver alert systems. The first around-the-world flight by a solar-powered plane will be accomplished illustrating truly clean energy to air transportation for the first time. Space tourism will hit the mainstream with packages ranging from $10,000 up-and-backs to $1 million five-night stays in an orbiting hotel suite.

Unprecedented connectivity will build upon the social networks, both real and virtual. Your understanding of the relationships that are possible will be stretched and revolutionized. Virtual platforms will expand and contract on demand. The way we interface with computers will change. Cloud technology will change from being an option to being the default. Major sectors of the economy will be transformed, driven by new requirements like traffic management, data analytics, and machine-to-machine communication. This kind of capability can now stretch across a city’s services, from monitoring power generation and optimizing electricity and water usage to pinpointing potential crime hot spots.

The transition to an “intelligent infrastructure” will accelerate the growth of a multi-billion dollar market. The drive to make everything mobile will be unstoppable. Communications and collaboration will deliver truly unified communications integration. Mobile broadband will be fully integrated and practiced. While we watch lots and lots of recorded video on our mobile devices today within a year or two most live broadcasts will be available in real time on all digital devices – always on real time access to, well, everything.

You may not like change. The status quo may feel safer. There are many features of the past and present we don’t want to lose, and should not let go of, in any given future. It is indeed much easier to imagine that what we don’t know doesn’t really matter. But in the end it is a myth that people don’t like change. What they don’t like is “being changed” with no say in the matter, no ability to make choices.

Historically, urban development through concentrated physical development made communication and human interaction easier. When it comes to urban sustainability, information and communications technology (ICT) is part of the solution. For every extra kilowatt-hour of electricity demanded by ICT, the U.S. economy increases its overall energy savings by a factor of ten. Future development of cities and regions will require the intelligent integration of communications technology. Every land use and transportation planning decision should be made with those who build ICT infrastructure at the table. Smart-phones, tablet computers, and digital books are changing the way we interact with the built environment and with each other.

The need for integration extends to everything. Cities around the world are bringing more intelligence to their suite of services. Cities still face difficult challenges in harnessing and integrating these technologies. They struggle with legacy systems that hamper integration. Information systems, such as they are, take on lives of their own and that can be costly. But not stepping into the future will be more costly.
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[Glen Hiemstra is the Founder of Futurist.com, and curator of Dothefuture.com. Dennis Walsh is a sustainability futurist from Canada best known for his work as the first publisher of green@work. Contact us through futurist.com]

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November 19th, 2012 | By Glen Hiemstra | Posted in Cities Book | Comments Off

Millennial City: How a new generation can save the future, Ch7-4

This book, Millennial City is being released first as a serial blog. The book is a collaboration with Dennis Walsh and this blog is Part 4 of Chapter 7. We will publish Millennial City as an e-book when the serialization is completed. The book grew out of conversations that Dennis and I have had about the future of cities, sustainability, and the millennial generation. We think that these three domains, if you will, are coming together to create a new future – and just in time we hope.

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CHAPTER Seven – Part 4
by Dennis Walsh and Glen Hiemstra

Do you know when General Electric, Hewlett Packard, IBM and Microsoft started? You might not have guessed, in the middle of a severe economic downturn or depressions. Even when economic times reflect the gloom and doom, there is opportunity. Crisis gives us reason to fight back. Today, new types of businesses are focusing on sustainability. They’re using their power to solve social and environmental problems. That’s a big deal.

Corporate law makes it difficult for businesses to take employee, community, and environmental interests into consideration when making decisions. But new business models allow corporations to make decisions that are good for society, not just for shareholders. The building industry is catching on. A 2012 study by McGraw-Hill Construction found that more than half of construction companies expect 60% of their construction projects to be certified as “green” in 2015, up from just 28% in 2012 and 13% in 2009. That’s not incremental progress. That’s a revolution. The companies are doing this not because they wish to be socially responsible, although they do, but because it makes economic sense. Their customers want it, and the life-cycle cost of their buildings is less.

International financial institutions have adopted sustainable measures too through the Equator Principles. This allows them to invest under socially responsible investment (SRI) principles. Trillions of dollars in assets are managed globally in a way that benefits society and the Environment.

Without a doubt, challenging times serve as catalysts for creativity, innovation and accomplishment. Things have to change. Get ready for a new global economy based on open collaboration. Get ready for the new economic paradigm that will shake the world. Some may disagree. There are those who resist change, who dismiss change. That’s understandable. The development of a new economic paradigm will not be that simple. But there is power in people working together for noble causes. U-2’s lead singer Bono was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for his global activism on behalf of the poor of Africa. Making money isn’t the problem. Bono makes lots of money. The problem is that growth needs balance. Capitalism needs balance. That’s where you and the butterfly effect come in. A butterfly flapping it’s wings in one area of the world may or may not cause a tornado somewhere in the world. But if you drop a pebble into the water little circles will flow outward to affect the rest of the pond. Doing good things makes more good things happen. Guaranteed.

Some people do good by asking for a closer connection between their money and their values. In spite of technology and regulation, banks are beginning to move toward greater transparency and sustainability. It may be a ripple in the pond but one day it might extend to taking steps to protect the environment. One day, banks might refuse to lend money to businesses who harm the environment. They will do that because acting sustainably actually improves overall risk management and business performance. In financial terms, acting responsibly results in better and more comprehensive risk management, a higher degree of employee pride, a greater attraction of talented people and new business opportunities.

Bostons’ Wainwright Bank has a socially responsible lending strategy and is one of the few banks in the country with a department solely committed to socially responsible community development lending. Half of the bank’s commercial loan portfolio is committed to these types of loans without a single default so far. In Europe, banks like Triodos and Co-operative push the transparency barrier too. Calling themselves ‘ethical banks’, they even formed the Global Alliance for Banking on Values.

TD Bank brands itself “America’s Most Convenient Bank”. The TD Bank store in Ft. Lauderdale has targeted the highest level of LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification, LEED Platinum. The bank opened a branch that generates as much energy as it uses. It goes beyond LEED to become the first zero-net energy bank building in the U.S. by installing solar panels on its roof, on the canopy over the drive-in window and on adjacent land next door. This net zero approach is the next way to deal with the climate crisis. Here’s another way: GoodBank, in the San Francisco Bay Area, calls itself the ‘High Transparency Bank’. This bank rewards customers like you who shop according to sustainable values, who live sustainably.

Where will you make your start? Where will you take the world? There is much to be done on all fronts. But in many ways the world is better now than it has been for a long, long time. As fragile and imperfect as life is don’t ever give up trying – knowing this – you’re not alone.
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[Glen Hiemstra is the Founder of Futurist.com, and curator of Dothefuture.com. Dennis Walsh is a sustainability futurist from Canada best known for his work as the first publisher of green@work. Contact us through futurist.com]

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November 18th, 2012 | By Glen Hiemstra | Posted in Business & Economy, Current Choices for a Better Future | Comments Off

Smart Housing Plan to Attract Young People

The Governor of Massachusetts, Deval Patrick, has recognized that a key to making future cities thrive is attracting and keeping young people, according to DC Street Blog. We’ve known for a while that developing your city or town to be attractive to the ‘creative class’ is correlated with a strong economy. The problem is that housing prices are a challenge for young people. Governor Patrick is creating a state policy to address that, and at the same time focus development near transit on places to live, rather than park-and-ride lots that sit empty half the day. The housing envisioned is also designed to be appropriate for seniors, the other growing demographic who would like a more urban and transit oriented living option.

This past week I was in Baton Rouge to work with CDMSmith as they assist the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development on a new long-range plan. We had a day to talk about future scenarios. Participants in the session highlighted the need for development and transportation policies and infrastructure that would help them keep highly educated young people in the state. Most leave now, they said. The might want to see what Massachusetts is up to.

Example of transit oriented housing

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